{"id":3804,"date":"2024-09-27T11:28:00","date_gmt":"2024-09-27T11:28:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cwechinox.com\/industrial\/?p=3804"},"modified":"2025-11-28T10:37:47","modified_gmt":"2025-11-28T10:37:47","slug":"ce-este-transportul-intermodal-si-ce-beneficii-are","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cwechinox.com\/industrial\/ro\/ce-este-transportul-intermodal-si-ce-beneficii-are\/","title":{"rendered":"Ce este transportul intermodal \u0219i ce beneficii are?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
Transportul intermodal de marf\u0103 const\u0103 \u00een transportul m\u0103rfurilor \u00eentr-o singur\u0103 unitate de \u00eenc\u0103rcare (cum ar fi un container) utiliz\u00e2nd o combina\u021bie de moduri de transport: rutier, feroviar, pe c\u0103i navigabile sau aerian. Aceast\u0103 metod\u0103 poate optimiza punctele forte relative ale fiec\u0103ruia dintre modurile de transport \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te flexibilitatea, viteza, costurile \u0219i performan\u021ba de mediu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Exemplu de lan\u021b logistic de transport intermodal de marf\u0103<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
Care sunt avantajele<\/strong> transportului intermodal?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Combinarea modurilor de transport mai eficiente (feroviar sau maritim) pe distan\u021be lungi cu transportul rutier pe distan\u021be scurte poate reduce semnificativ costurile de transport. De exemplu, transportul feroviar sau maritim este adesea mai ieftin dec\u00e2t transportul rutier pentru distan\u021be mari.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Transportul feroviar \u0219i maritim sunt considerate mai ecologice, deoarece au un consum de combustibil mai mic pe ton\u0103 de marf\u0103 transportat\u0103 \u0219i produc mai pu\u021bine emisii de gaze cu efect de ser\u0103 dec\u00e2t transportul rutier sau aerian.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00cenc\u0103rcarea m\u0103rfurilor \u00een containere standardizate permite o manipulare mai rapid\u0103 \u0219i mai eficient\u0103 la transferul \u00eentre modurile de transport. De asemenea, reduce riscul de deteriorare sau furt, deoarece m\u0103rfurile nu sunt manipulate direct.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Utilizarea mai multor moduri de transport permite accesul \u00een zone izolate, unde unul dintre moduri poate s\u0103 nu fie viabil singur. De exemplu, trenurile nu pot ajunge peste tot, dar transportul rutier poate face ultimele mile de livrare.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Transportul feroviar \u0219i maritim pot evita congestiile de pe drumurile rutiere, ceea ce duce la timpi de tranzit mai predictibili \u0219i uneori mai scur\u021bi pentru anumite rute interna\u021bionale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Containerele securizate reduc riscul de furt sau de avarii. \u00cen plus, transportul feroviar \u0219i maritim implic\u0103 mai pu\u021bine accidente comparativ cu transportul rutier.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Piggyback, fishyback, birdyback – tipuri de transport intermodal<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Piggyback, fishyback \u0219i birdyback sunt concepte de transport intermodal care descriu modul \u00een care un tip de vehicul sau container este transportat folosind un alt mod de transport, fiecare cu caracteristici specifice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Piggyback este transportul feroviar-rutier, care presupune utilizarea vehiculelor feroviare \u0219i rutiere \u00eentr-un singur lan\u021b de aprovizionare. \u00cen acest sistem, un camion cu remorc\u0103 sau semiremorc\u0103, sau remorca \u00eens\u0103\u0219i, va fi ata\u0219at la un transport feroviar prestabilit prin instalarea unei caroserii interschimbabile \u00eentr-un loc desemnat. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Avantajele transportului de tip piggyback<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Transportul piggyback are o serie de avantaje foarte importante, care \u00eel fac s\u0103 fie din ce \u00een ce mai utilizat, \u00een special \u00een opera\u021biunile logistice interna\u021bionale. Principalul lor avantaj este reducerea costurilor pentru distan\u021be lungi, av\u00e2nd \u00een vedere c\u0103 transportul pe calea ferat\u0103 este, \u00een general, mult mai ieftin dec\u00e2t cel rutier, evitarea congestion\u0103rii traficului rutier \u0219i cotribuie la reducerea polu\u0103rii.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00cen cazul transportului de tip \u201dfishyback\u201d, m\u0103rfurile sunt transportate \u00een containere sau camioane care sunt \u00eenc\u0103rcate pe o nav\u0103 pentru a fi transportate pe cale naval\u0103. M\u0103rfurile sunt apoi desc\u0103rcate \u0219i sunt transportate c\u0103tre destina\u021bia final\u0103 pe cale rutier\u0103 sau feroviar\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Acest tip de transport este eficient pentru distan\u021be lungi \u0219i cantit\u0103\u021bi mari de marf\u0103, \u0219i implic\u0103 costuri relativ reduse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Birdyback implic\u0103 utilizarea avionului pentru transportul m\u0103rfurilor pe distan\u021be lungi. Containerele sau camioanele sunt \u00eenc\u0103rcate \u00een avioane cargo pentru o parte din traseu \u0219i apoi transportate pe \u0219osea sau pe calea ferat\u0103 de la aeroport c\u0103tre destina\u021bia final\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Timp de livrare este foarte rapid \u00een acest caz, de aceea este ideal pentru m\u0103rfuri perisabile sau cu cerin\u021be de livrare rapid\u0103 \u0219i pentru transport interna\u021bional pe distan\u021be foarte lungi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ce costuri presupune transportul intermodal?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Transportul rutier este cel mai flexibil mod de transport de m\u0103rfuri, deoarece asigur\u0103 deplasarea m\u0103rfurilor \u201ede la u\u0219\u0103 la u\u0219\u0103\u201d. Pentru multe tipuri de m\u0103rfuri, este adesea cea mai rapid\u0103 \u0219i cea mai ieftin\u0103 modalitate de expediere, chiar \u0219i pe distan\u021be lungi. \u00cen medie, \u0219i \u00een absen\u021ba unor m\u0103suri de sprijin, transportul intermodal de marf\u0103 este cu 56 % mai scump dec\u00e2t alternativa bazat\u0103 doar pe transportul rutier.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Spre deosebire de transportul rutier, alte moduri de transport, cum ar fi cel feroviar sau pe c\u0103ile navigabile interioare, sunt mai lente \u0219i mai pu\u021bin flexibile. Ele necesit\u0103, de asemenea, o infrastructur\u0103 specific\u0103, care nu poate fi reprodus\u0103 la fiecare loc de expediere. Un avantaj \u00eens\u0103 al acestor moduri este c\u0103 ofer\u0103 o siguran\u021b\u0103 mai mare \u0219i o mai bun\u0103 performan\u021b\u0103 din punctul de vedere al mediului \u0219i pot reduce din presiunea pus\u0103 pe drumurile aglomerate. Intermodalitatea \u00eenseamn\u0103 valorificarea punctelor forte relative ale diferitelor moduri de transport.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Not\u0103:<\/em> Calculul costurilor transportului intermodal se bazeaz\u0103 pe un parcurs feroviar\/rutier mediu spre lung.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Sursa:<\/em> Curtea de Conturi European\u0103, pe baza datelor Comisiei.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Strategia de transport intermodal \u00een Rom\u00e2nia<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Pentru perioada 2014-2020, Uniunea European\u0103 a angajat o finan\u021bare total\u0103 de aproximativ 1,1 miliarde de euro pentru proiecte care sprijineau intermodalitatea. Rom\u00e2nia are o strategie de transport intermodal obiectivele specifice avute \u00een vedere fiind modernizarea \u015fi\/sau construirea unor terminale intermodale \u015fi a infrastructurii aferente; realizarea unor servicii intermodale de calitate; implementarea unui sistem de urm\u0103rire, planificare \u015fi management a transportului intermodal de marf\u0103, utiliz\u00e2nd sistemele inteligente de transport disponibile pe pia\u0163\u0103; stimularea promov\u0103rii sistemului na\u0163ional de transport intermodal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Un sistem competitiv de transport intermodal \u00een Rom\u00e2nia depinde pe termen scurt, \u00een principal, de modernizarea \u015fi\/sau construirea unor terminale eficiente \u00een principalele loca\u0163ii din Rom\u00e2nia corespunz\u0103toare unor poli de dezvoltare economic\u0103 \u015fi traficului de m\u0103rfuri. Pentru a spori eficien\u0163a logistic\u0103 se ia \u00een considerare stabilirea loca\u0163iei unui terminal intermodal astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t s\u0103 fie amplasat \u00een vecin\u0103tatea unui parc industrial. Aceasta este o m\u0103sur\u0103 care necesit\u0103 investiga\u0163ii urgente \u00een perioada imediat urm\u0103toare, deoarece conceptul se dovede\u015fte a avea efecte benefice semnificative \u00een Europa de Vest.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Transportul intermodal de marf\u0103 const\u0103 \u00een transportul m\u0103rfurilor \u00eentr-o singur\u0103 unitate de \u00eenc\u0103rcare (cum ar fi un container) utiliz\u00e2nd o combina\u021bie de moduri de transport: rutier, feroviar, pe c\u0103i navigabile sau aerian. Aceast\u0103 metod\u0103 poate optimiza punctele forte relative ale fiec\u0103ruia dintre modurile de transport \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te flexibilitatea, viteza, costurile \u0219i performan\u021ba de […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3810,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[304,158,1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3804","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","category-stiri","category-uncategorized","entry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n
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